MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 3 Case Assignment Essay

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay Example The EFPT was designed with the need to determine how people post stroke were doing in the real world. It determines what the patient can do and what kind of support he needs to be able to perform that function. In other words can this person cook, make a telephone call, manage their medications or pay a bill? In comparison, previous tools have been set up to assess the patient but not in the actual home setting. There are several types of variables. These include independent and dependent, extraneous, demographic, moderator and mediator, and operational zing. Most of the variables in this case are listed in the explanatory table 2 on page 449 of the study. There are demographic variables which include race and gender, as well as education and age. There are also operational zing variables which include tasks and components. There was some variation created as both mild stroke and moderate stroke were studied Reliability has to do with the reduction of variables. For instance reliability is important in selecting and using a scale for study. Reliable instruments make the value of a study much higher. When a tool or study is reliable, it is consistent. For example, if you ask the same set of questions to the same group of patients at two different times, the answers should me the same. This makes the instrument reliable. EFPT was tested on a group of 10 participants in which the consistency of the sample results showed to be .94 which shows a high reliability rate. Validity is the determination that the instrument actually describing what is happening or moving the information from abstract to concrete. It is usually seen as having three primary types. Those are content validity, predictive validity, and construct validity (Burns, et.al. 2007). Validity, like reliability happens in degrees. Nothing is completely reliable and no instrument is completely valid. Using an

(a) How successful have the American Government and the U.S. Federal Essay

(a) How successful have the American Government and the U.S. Federal Reserve been in running the American economy over the last - Essay Example financial collapse took place during the very last days of the Bush administration and during a U.S. Presidential election. The Fed’s response can be viewed separately and as working in tandem with the political approach of both political administrations and Congress. The historical characteristics of the period preceding the crisis itself can be seen as related to the severity of the crisis, while the aftermath or recovery period can suggest projections about the future consequences of the policies referenced drawn from economic studies and historical parallels in order to illustrate the possible dangers to the macro-economic environment that remain for the global economy. In the period preceding the financial crisis of 2008-9, the major issue of importance is the real estate market, particularly the sub-prime mortgage market in America, and its lending standards which may have led to the creation of a real estate bubble in the country. By some analysts’ regard, the Cl inton administration encouraged Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to promote financing policies that made it very easy for even the lower income families to get mortgages for home purchases. This type of encouragement was related to a general deregulation of the financial industry that proceeded under both the Clinton and Bush administrations, which included repeal of Depression era statutes like the Glass-Steagall Act that regulated the trading and investment functions of banks. Ratings agencies oversaw the process through which the Wall St. investment banks packaged thousands of mortgages in both commercial and residential real estate contracts into massive, billion dollar bonds known as MBS (Mortgage Backed Securities) that could be sold by the investment banks to groups like pension funds or hedge funds who were interested in fixed-rate or adjustable-rate long term returns. The contagion of global markets is seen in the way that these MBS entered portfolios around the world of all mann er of different public and private sector investors, corporations, and banks. Risk management, as practiced not only by the investors who purchased these MBS but also by the ratings agencies, failed to recognize that these securities could fail in the manner that they did because they underestimated the deflationary aspects of real estate and overestimated the reliability of the lending standards at their basis. This is the â€Å"Black Swan† aspect of Nicholas Taleb’s analysis, who wrote: â€Å"Globalization creates interlocking fragility, while reducing volatility and giving the appearance of stability. In other words it creates devastating Black Swans. We have never lived before under the threat of a global collapse. Financial Institutions have been merging into a smaller number of very large banks. Almost all banks are interrelated. So the financial ecology is swelling into gigantic, incestuous, bureaucratic banks – when one fails, they all fall. The increas ed concentration among banks seems to have the effect of making financial crises less likely, but when they happen they are more global in scale and hit us very hard. We have moved from a diversified ecology of small banks, with varied lending policies, to a more homogeneous framework of firms that all resemble one another. True, we now have fewer failures, but when they occur †¦.I shiver at the thought.† (Taleb, 2010) If Wall St. planners, securities ratings agencies, and